由于环境状况对柴油发电机组运行的影响很大，所以对环境要求有一系列的标准规定。柴油发电机组所标定的功率都是针对某一特定的环境状况而言的，环境状况是指柴油发电机组运行地点的环境大气压力、温度和相对湿度，它们对柴油发电机的性能和工作效率有很大影响。
As environmental conditions have a great impact on the operation of diesel
generators, there are a series of standard regulations for environmental
requirements. The calibrated power of the diesel generator is for a specific
environmental condition. The environmental condition refers to the ambient
atmospheric pressure, temperature and relative humidity at the operating
location of the diesel generator. They have an great impact on the performance
and working efficiency of the diesel generator.
1、当环境大气压力降低、温度升高和相对湿度增大时，吸入柴油机汽缸内的干空气就会减少，柴油机的功率就会降低。反之，柴油机的功率会增加。那么当环境温度过低对当水箱冷却水温度过低时，润滑油温度随之下降，机油在气温较低时粘度较大，其流动性变差，不仅增加柴油发电机组的零件磨损，而且由于零件运动阻力增大，使机械功率损失增加，柴油发电机组的输出功率就会降低。
When the ambient atmospheric pressure decreases,the temperature increases,
and the relative humidity increases, the dry air sucked into the cylinder of the
diesel engine will decrease, and the power of the diesel engine will decrease.
Conversely, the engine power will increase. Then when the ambient temperature is
too low, when the temperature of the cooling water in the radiator is too low,
the temperature of the lubricating oil will decrease accordingly. When the
temperature is low, the viscosity of the oil will be higher and its fluidity
will become worse. This will not only increase the wear of the parts of the
generator, but also mechanical power loss because of the part movement
resistance increased, and the output power of the generator will decrease.
2.环境温度过低，气缸温度就会很低，气缸内的水蒸气就容易凝结在缸壁上，而柴油发电机燃烧时生成的二氧化硫遇到冷凝在缸壁上的水，就会变成强烈的腐蚀剂粘附在缸壁上，因此缸壁表面就会受到强烈的腐蚀，导致其表面金属组织疏松;当气缸套与活塞环之间相互摩擦刮削时，会使腐蚀层表面疏松的金属很快磨损脱落，或在缸套工作表面出现蚀点、凹坑。
If the ambient temperature is too low, the cylinder temperature will be
very low, and the water vapor in the cylinder will easily condense on the
cylinder wall, and the sulfur dioxide generated during the combustion of the
diesel generator will become strong when it encounters the water condensed on
the cylinder wall. The corrosive agent adheres to the cylinder wall, so the
surface of the cylinder wall will be strongly corroded, causing the surface
metal structure to be loose.when the cylinder liner and the piston ring are
rubbed against each other, the loose metal on the surface of the corroded layer
will fall off quickly, or corroded spots or pits appear on the working surface
of the cylinder liner.
3.热损失增加，燃料消耗量增大
Increased heat loss and fuel consumption
柴油发电机组在低温下工作时，冷却水带走气缸内大量热能，使其热损失增多;混合气不能很好地形成和燃烧，燃油消耗量会增加8%~10%;成液滴状的燃油进入气缸后会冲洗气缸壁上的润滑油膜，并渗入到曲轴箱内，使零件的磨损量增加、冲淡油底壳内的润滑油、增加燃油消耗量和减少功率输出。
When the generator works at low temperature, the cooling water takes away a
large amount of heat energy in the cylinder, which increases the heat loss.the
mixed gas cannot be formed and burned well, and the fuel consumption will
increase by 8%~10%.The droplet-shaped fuel will flush the lubricating oil film
on the cylinder wall after entering the cylinder,and penetrate into the
crankcase, increasing the wear of parts, diluting the lubricating oil in the oil
pan, increasing fuel consumption and reducing power output.
4.燃烧恶化，整机性能变坏
Combustion deteriorates, the generator performance deteriorate
一些受热膨胀的零件因温度太低而未膨胀到应有的尺寸，从而影响到全机工作性能，例如活塞与气缸间隙太大，密封不好;气门间隙太大而受摇臂冲击等，并使柴油发电机不易启动。在柴油机工作时，压缩后气体的高温是保证燃料着火的必要条件，当气缸、活塞等零件温度降低时，将造成压缩终了温度下降、着火延迟和燃烧条件恶化，导致燃料燃烧不完全、柴油发电机工作粗暴和排气冒烟。
Some thermally expanded parts have not expanded to the proper size due to
the low temperature, which affects the working performance of the whole
generator. For example, the gap between the piston and the cylinder is too
large, and the seal is not good,the valve gap is too large and is impacted by
the rocker arm, etc. Make the generator difficult to start. When the diesel
engine is working, the high temperature of the compressed gas is a necessary
condition to ensure that the fuel ignites. When the temperature of the cylinder,
piston and other parts decreases, it will cause the omcompression ends and the
temperature drop, the ignition delay and the deterioration of the combustion
conditions,incomplete fuel combustion, rough working of diesel generators and
smoke from exhaust gas.
